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Key Words

Logos

In ancient Greek, "logos" (λόγος) translates to "word," "speech," "discourse," or "reason". It has broader meanings, encompassing concepts like principle, thought, and the underlying rational order of the cosmos. In philosophical and theological contexts, "logos" refers to the divine reason or plan that orders the universe and gives it meaning. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:


Word/Speech:

"Logos" can refer to the spoken word, a statement, or a description. 


Reason/Discourse:

It also encompasses the capacity for rational thought, argumentation, and the ability to explain or reason. 


Principle:

In philosophical contexts, "logos" represents the fundamental principle or law that governs the universe and gives it form. 


The Divine Reason:

In theology, particularly in Christian theology, "logos" refers to the divine reason or plan that underlies creation and salvation. This concept is central to the Christian doctrine of Jesus Christ as the "Word made flesh". 

Logocentrism

Logocentrism, a term coined by Ludwig Klages, describes the philosophical tendency to prioritize the "logos" (Greek for "word," "thought," or "speech") as the foundation of meaning and truth. It's often associated with Jacques Derrida's critique of Western philosophy, which argues that logocentrism inherently privileges rational thought and speech over other forms of communication, especially writing. Key aspects of logocentrism:


  • Privileging speech over writing:Logocentrism often sees speech as a more direct and authentic representation of thought, while viewing writing as a secondary and potentially distorting representation. 
  • Assumed hierarchy of meaning:It suggests a hierarchy where certain forms of language and thought are considered more fundamental or authoritative than others, creating a structure of power and subordination. 
  • Metaphysics of presence:Logocentrism is also linked to the "metaphysics of presence," which is the idea that meaning is present and fixed in the world, as opposed to being deferred or contingent. 
  • Critique by Derrida:Derrida argues that logocentrism is a pervasive tendency in Western philosophy, leading to a focus on presence and an undervaluation of the complexities and deferral of meaning in language. 
  • Deconstruction:Derrida's concept of deconstruction is a response to logocentrism, aiming to challenge the binary oppositions and hierarchies that logocentrism establishes, particularly between speech and writing. 

In essence, logocentrism is a philosophical stance that elevates the "logos" to a position of authority, often at the expense of other forms of communication and expression, leading to a hierarchical understanding of meaning and truth.  

Apocalypse

 An apocalypse is a revelation: seeing something which has been hidden. It comes from the Greek word, Apokálypsis, which means "lifting of the veil", or finding out something secret. Often this secret is discovered in a dream or a vision. 


Origin

Old English apocalipsin, via Old French and ecclesiastical Latin from Greek apokalupsis, from apokaluptein ‘uncover, reveal’, from apo- ‘un-’ + kaluptein ‘to cover’.


The word can also be associated with Biblical references..

1.

the complete final destruction of the world, as described in the biblical book of Revelation.

"the bell's ringing is supposed to usher in the Apocalypse"

(especially in the Vulgate Bible) the book of Revelation.

singular proper noun: Apocalypse

2.

an event involving destruction or damage on an awesome or catastrophic scale.

"a stock market apocalypse"

Eschaton

Etymology. Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔσχατον (éskhaton, “last thing”), from the neuter singular of ἔσχατος (éskhatos, “last”).

 

The word eschaton refers in biblical term to the final event in the divine plan; the end of the world.

Singularity

 In the context of science and technology, the term "singularity" refers to a hypothetical point in the future where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to radical and unpredictable changes. Specifically, it often describes a scenario where artificial intelligence (AI) reaches a level of intelligence and capability surpassing human intellect. This point is often referred to as the "technological singularity". Here's a more detailed breakdown:1. Mathematical and Physical Context:

  • Mathematical Singularity:In mathematics, a singularity is a point where a function or mathematical object is not defined or behaves in a way that is not smooth or well-behaved. 
  • Gravitational Singularity:In physics, particularly within the context of black holes, a singularity is a theoretical point of infinite density and gravity where the laws of physics as we know them break down. 

2. Technological Singularity:

  • Hypothetical Future:The term "technological singularity" refers to a future point where technological progress, particularly in AI, becomes so rapid and transformative that it's difficult to predict or control its consequences. 
  • Superhuman AI:This concept often involves the development of AI that surpasses human intelligence and capability, potentially leading to a rapid cycle of self-improvement and innovation. 
  • Potential Impacts:The technological singularity raises questions about the future of humanity, including both the potential benefits and risks of such rapid technological advancement. 

3. Other Uses of the Term: 

  • Dynamical Systems:In system theory, singularity can refer to a point where a small change in input can lead to a large change in output. 
  • Singular Event:The term "singularity" can also refer to a unique or unusual event with significant consequences. 

Sycnhronicity

1.  The simultaneous occurrence of events which appear significantly related but have no discernible causal connection.

"such synchronicity is quite staggering"

2.  another term for synchrony (sense 1).  

  1. 1.simultaneous action, development, or occurrence.

               the state of operating or developing according to the same time scale as something       

               else."some individuals do not remain in synchrony with the twenty-four-hour day"

  1. 2.synchronic treatment or study."the structuralist distinction between synchrony        and diachrony"

Origin

1950s: coined (in sense 1) by C. G. Jung.

Concresence

1.  The growing together and merging of similar or dissimilar parts.

2.  A growing together of cells or other organisms.

3.  (art) The juxtaposing of dissimilar forms or devices that are harmonized at their point of                    

     intersection into hybrid transitional shapes or designs.

Transcendence

 Transcendence comes from the Latin prefix trans-, meaning "beyond," and the word scandare, meaning "to climb." When you achieve transcendence, you have gone beyond ordinary limitations. The word is often used to describe a spiritual or religious state, or a condition of moving beyond physical needs and realities. 

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